Fluid Mechanics
Reciprocating pumps compared to centrifugal pumps

Can be operated with delivery valve closed
Are not subject to air binding
Deliver liquid at uniform pressure
Can handle slurries more efficiently

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Fluid Mechanics
A bed of spherical particles (specific gravity 2.5) of uniform size 1500 μm is 0.5 m in diameter and 0.5 m high. In packed bed state, the porosity may be taken as 0.4. Ergun's equation for the above fluid-particle system (in SI units) is given below : Δ P/L = 375 x 10³ VOM + 10.94 x 10⁶ V²OM (SI units) If water is to be used as the fluidising medium, the minimum fluidisation velocity, VOM is

28 mm/s
16 mm/s
24 mm/s
12 mm/s

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