Process Equipment and Plant Design
Ratio of tube length to shell diameter for a shell and tube heat exchanger is

4 : 1 to 8 : 1 for liquid-liquid exchanger
Both B & C
< 4 : 1 for gas-gas exchangers
8 : 1 to 12 : 1 for both liquid-liquid and gas-gas heat exchangers

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, triangular pitch arrangement as compared to square pitch arrangement

Creates relatively lower turbulence on the shell side resulting in lower shell side heat transfer co-efficient
Results in higher shell side pressure drop
Can accomodate less number of tubes for a given shell diameter
Facilitates easier shell side cleaning; hence is more suitable for handling high dirt factor shell side fluid

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