Electrical Machines
R1 is the resistance of the primary winding of the transformer. The turn ratio in terms of primary to secondary is K. Then the equivalent resistance of the primary referred to secondary is

 R1 /K²
 R1 /K
 K²R1
 K×R1

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Electrical Machines
Ward-Leonard system for controlling the speed of a DC motor is used where

 The accuracy in speed control is required.
 Very fine speed control over the whole range from zero to normal speed is required.
 The speed in both the direction is required.
 All of above.

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Electrical Machines
Due to magnetic saturation, the flux per pole in a DC machine without brush shift

  decreases in both generators and the motors with load.
 increases in generators but decreases in motor with load.
 decreases in generators and increases in motor with load.
 increases in both the generators and the motors with load.

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