Mechanical Operations
A centrifugal filtration unit operating at a rotational speed of w has inner surface of the liquid (density ρL) located at a radial distance R from the axis of rotation. The thickness of the liquid film is δ and no cake is formed. The initial pressure drop during filtration is

½w² . R . ρL(R + 2δ)
½w² . R² . ρL
½w² . δρL (2R + δ)
½w² . δ² . ρL

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Mechanical Operations
In case of a hammer crusher,

Reduction ratio can be varied by adjusting the distance from cage to hammers
Crushing takes place by impact breaking
All of these
Maximum acceptable feed size is 30 cms

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