Chemical Process
Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of calcium & magnesium

Carbonate
Sulphates & chlorides
None of these
Bi-carbonates

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Chemical Process
One of the steps during refining of cane sugar consists of addition of hydrated lime to the sugar syrup followed by carbonation of the resulting solution. The purpose of this step is to

Reduce the viscosity of the syrup
Adjust the pH of the syrup
Improve the rate of crystallisation of sugar
Remove the coloring matter from the syrup

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