Chemical Process
Oils are partially hydrogenated (not fully) to manufacture vanaspati, because fully saturated solidified oils

Always contain some amount of nickel (as their complete removal is very difficult)
Cause cholesterol build up and blood clotting
Are prone to rancid oxidation
Have affinity to retain harmful sulphur compounds

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Chemical Process
Transparent soaps (e.g. Pears) are

Metallic soaps with frothing agent from which glycerine has not been recovered
Metallic soaps with frothing agent and free stearic acid to achieve transparency
None of these
Usually soft soap (made from coconut oil) in which cane sugar & alcohol are added and finally washed with methylated spirit to achieve transparency

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