Heat Transfer
Overall heat transfer co-efficient for cooling of hydrocarbons by water is about

50 -100 BTU/hr. ft.2°F
50 -100 Kcal/hr.m².°C
1000 - 1500 BTU/hr. ft.2°F
50 -100 W/m² . °K

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Heat Transfer
Vacuum is generally maintained in the vapour space of an evaporator mainly to

Get economical temperature difference by using moderate pressure steam
Achieve very high concentration of the final product
Facilitate forward feeding in multiple effect evaporation
Concentrate heat sensitive materials

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