Physics
Outside of cooking utensils are generally left black from below because

Black surface is a good absorber of heat.
Black surface is a poor conductor of heat.
Black surface is a good conductor of heat.
It is difficult to clean daily.

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Physics
When a pail of water is swung in a vertical circle, the water does not fall out at the top of the loop when the speed is

Above a certain minimum value irrespective of amount of water in the pail
Below a certain minimum value depending on amount of water in the pail
Below a certain minimum value irrespective of amount of water in the pail
Above a certain minimum value depending on amount of water in the pail

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