Process Equipment and Plant Design
Optimum economic pipe diameter for fluid flow is determined by the

Viscosity of the fluid
Density of the fluid
Total cost considerations (pumping cost plus fixed cost of the pipe)
None of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the use of valve tray, seive tray and bubble cap trays in continuous distillation column.

Maintenance cost for valve and seive trays are comparatively more than bubble cap tray due to their relatively complicated construction features
Murphree efficiency of all the three trays are nearly equal, however the peak efficiency is generally higher for seive and valve trays than the bubble cap
Bubble cap trays though most expensive are the best in situations, where low vapour rates is to be handled and a positive liquid seal is essential at all flow rates
Valve trays have the highest turn down ratio (i.e. the ratio of the highest to the lowest vapour flow rates) and thus provides the maximum flexible operating range

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The function of manholes provided in the shell of a distillation column is to

Guard against foaming & entrainment by dumping antifoaming agent through it
Keep a check on the liquid gradient over the plate by direct visual observation
Give access to the individual trays for cleaning, maintenance and installation
All of these

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