Language Processors
Multiprogramming was made possible by

both (a) and (b)
operating systems
input/output units that operate independently of the CPU
neither (a) nor (b)

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Language Processors
In analyzing the compilation of PL/I program, the term "Machine independent optimization" is associated with

use of macro processor to produce more optimal assembly code
recognition of basic elements and creation of uniform symbols
recognition of basic syntactic constructs through reductions
creation of more optional matrix

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Language Processors
A non-relocatable program is one which

consists of a program and relevant information for its relocation
cannot be made to execute in any area of storage other than the one designated for it at the time of its coding or translation
All of these
can itself perform the relocation of its address-sensitive portions

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Language Processors
The advantage(s) of incorporating the macro processor into pass 1 is/ are:

more flexibility is available to the programmer in which he/she may use all the features of the assembler in conjunction with macros
many functions do not have to be implemented twice
All of these
Functions are combined and it is not necessary to create intermediate files as output from the macro processor and input to the assembler

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Language Processors
The system/370 assembler language

allows multiple programs to reside in separate areas of core at the same time
allows the programmer to write base registers and displacements explicitly in the source program
is a term that refers to the control programs of an operating system
is used to remember which of the general-purpose registers are currently available as base registers, and what base addresses they contain

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