Heat and Mass Transfer
Moisture would find its way into insulation by vapour pressure unless it is prevented by

High thickness of insulation
High vapour pressure
Less thermal conductivity insulator
A vapour seal

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Heat and Mass Transfer
According of Kirchhoff's law

Emissive power depends on temperature
Emissive power and absorptivity are constant for all bodies
Ratio of emissive power to absorptive power for all bodies is same and is equal to the emissive power of a perfectly black body
Radiant heat is proportional to fourth power of absolute temperature

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Heat and Mass Transfer
A steam pipe is to be lined with two layers of insulating materials of different thermal conductivities. For the minimum heat transfer,

The better insulation must be put inside
One should take into account the steam temperature before deciding as to which insulation is put where
One could place either insulation on either side
The better insulation must be put outside

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