Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Mechanical efficiency of a centrifugal pump is the ratio of

Actual work-done by the pump to the energy supplied to the pump by the prime mover
Manometric head to the energy supplied by the impeller per kN of water
Energy supplied to the pump to the energy available at the impeller
Energy available at the impeller to the energy supplied to the pump by the prime mover

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Coefficient of contraction is the ratio of

Loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice
Area of jet at vena-contracta to the area of orifice
Actual velocity of jet at vena contracta to the theoretical velocity
Loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Mach number is significant in

full immersion or completely enclosed flow, as with pipes, aircraft wings, nozzles etc
supersonics, as with projectiles and jet propulsion
simultaneous motion through two fluids where there is a surface of dis-continuity, gravity force, and wave making effects, as with ship’s hulls
all of fhe above

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The function of guide vanes in a reaction turbine is to

Allow the required quantity of water to enter the turbine
Allow the water to enter the runner without shock
All of the listed here
Allow the water to flow over them, without forming eddies

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