Environmental Science
Although the polar regions radiate away more heat energy than they receive by insolation in the course of a year, they are prevented from becoming progressively colder each year by the:

Concentration of earth's magnetic field lines at the poles
Conduction of heat through the interior of the earth
Circulation of heat by the atmosphere and oceans
The insulating properties of snow
Release of latent heat to the atmosphere when polar ice melts

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Environmental Science
The earth's radiative equilibrium temperature is:

The average temperature the earth must maintain to prevent the oceans from freezing solid
The temperature at which rates of evaporation and condensation on the earth are in balance
The temperature at which the earth is radiating energy at maximum intensity
The temperature at which the earth is absorbing solar radiation and emitting infrared radiation at equal rates

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