Pandyas acknowledged the overlordship of the Cholas for about 30 years. Prantaka Viranayana was also defeated by Krishna III who was the Rashtrakuta King, in the battle of Takkolam in 949 A.D.
The Kushanas were also called as Guishuang as mentioned by various Chinese texts. Kushanas were also known as Tocharians and were one of the five tribes of Yueh-Chi or Yuezhi.