Networks Analysis And Synthesis
Kirchhoff’s voltage law applies to circuits with

Linear elements only
Linear, nonlinear, active and passive elements
Nonlinear elements only
Linear, nonlinear, active, passive, time varying as wells as time-invariant elements

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Networks Analysis And Synthesis
In Thevenin’s theorem, to find Z

All independent voltage sources are open circuited and all independent current sources are short circuited
All independent voltage and current sources are short circuited
All independent current sources are short circuited and independent voltage sources are open circuited
All independent voltage sources are short circuited and all independent current sources are open circuited

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