Electrical Machines
In the V curve shown in figure below for a synchronous motor, the parameter of Y and X coordinates are, respectively

 Power factor and field current.
  Armature current and field current.
 Armature current and torque.
 Torque and field current.

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Electrical Machines
In case of 3 - Φ IM, plugging means

  pulling the motor directly on line without a rotor.
  starting the motor on load which is more than the rated load.
  interchanging two supply phases for quick stopping.
  locking of rotor due to harmonics.

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