Plant Structure
In plant cells, which of the following is not a function of the large central vacuoles of plant cells?

Storage of food
Waste storage water content
Contractile regulation of
Support

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Plant Structure
The mitochondria were known in the nineteenth century to be osmotically active on the basis of evidence that

mitochondria are surrounded by a semi permeable membrane
mitochondria were derived from a symbiotic bacterium
the mitochondrial matrix is hypertonic to the cellular cytoplasm
the mitochondrial matrix is hypotonic to the cellular cytoplasm

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Plant Structure
Which of the following experimental results does not support Mitchell's chemiosmosis theory?

An artificial proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane drives ATP synthesis in the absence of electron transport
Electron transport in isolated mitochondria was shown to result in acidification of the medium
Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria during electron transport was shown to inhibit acidification of the medium
Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria was shown to inhibit electron transport, but had no effect on ATP synthesis

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Plant Structure
Why do some redox reactions in cells result in the transfer of electrons from a reductant with a higher standard redox potential to an oxidant with a lower standard redox potential?

Electrons always go from reductants with high redox potentials to oxidants with low redox potentials
The rules governing oxidation and reduction apply only in vitro, and not in vivo
None of these
Redox potentials are defined under standard conditions, and cellular conditions are typically not standard conditions

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