In full annealing, the hypo eutectoid steel is heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled

Engineering Materials
In full annealing, the hypo eutectoid steel is heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled

In still air

Slowly in the furnace

Any one of these

Suddenly in a suitable cooling medium

In still air

Slowly in the furnace

Any one of these

Suddenly in a suitable cooling medium

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Engineering Materials
The percentage of carbon in grey iron castings usually varies between

5 to 7%

0.5 to 1%

2.5 to 4.5%

0.012

5 to 7%

0.5 to 1%

2.5 to 4.5%

0.012

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Engineering Materials
Nickel when added to copper improves

Hardness

Hardness and strength

Machinability

Strength and ductility

Hardness

Hardness and strength

Machinability

Strength and ductility

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Engineering Materials
Malleable cast iron

Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough, and easily machined metal

Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable

Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or cerium) in the ladle. Graphite is in the nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material

Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron

Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough, and easily machined metal

Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable

Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or cerium) in the ladle. Graphite is in the nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material

Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron

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Engineering Materials
Process of Austempering results in

Formation of bainite structure

Martenistic structure

Lamellar layers of carbide distributed throughout the structure

Carburised structure

Formation of bainite structure

Martenistic structure

Lamellar layers of carbide distributed throughout the structure

Carburised structure

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Engineering Materials
The alloying element which reduces the formation of iron sulphide in steel is

Nickel

Manganese

Chromium

Vanadium

Nickel

Manganese

Chromium

Vanadium

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Engineering Materials

Engineering Materials In full annealing, the hypo eutectoid steel is heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled

Engineering Materials The percentage of carbon in grey iron castings usually varies between

Engineering Materials Nickel when added to copper improves

Engineering Materials Malleable cast iron

Engineering Materials Process of Austempering results in

Engineering Materials The alloying element which reduces the formation of iron sulphide in steel is

Engineering Materials
In full annealing, the hypo eutectoid steel is heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled

Engineering Materials
The percentage of carbon in grey iron castings usually varies between

Engineering Materials
Nickel when added to copper improves

Engineering Materials
Malleable cast iron

Engineering Materials
Process of Austempering results in

Engineering Materials
The alloying element which reduces the formation of iron sulphide in steel is