DC Motors
In dc machines fractional pitch winding is used

To reduce the generated emf
To increase the generated emf
To improve cooling
To reduce the sparking

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DC Motors
If a D.C. shunt motor is working at no load and if shunt field circuit suddenly opens

Nothing will happen to the motor
Motor will run at very slow speed
This will make armature to take heavy current, possibly burning it
This will result in excessive speed, possibly destroying armature due to excessive centrifugal stresses

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