Heat Transfer
In an interphase heat transfer process, the equilibrium state corresponds to equality of temperature in the two phases, while the condition for equilibrium in an interphase mass transfer process is equality of

Concentrations
Chemical potentials
Mass transfer co-efficients
Activity co-efficients

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Heat Transfer
Fouling factor

Is a dimensionless quantity
None of these
Accounts for additional resistances to heat flow
Does not provide a safety factor for design

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Heat Transfer
Air is to be heated by condensing steam. Two heat exchangers are available (i) a shell and tube heat exchanger and (ii) a finned tube heat exchanger. Tube side heat transfer area are equal in both the cases. The recommended arrangement is

Shell and tube heat exchanger with air inside tubes and steam on shell side
Shell and tube heat exchanger with air on shell side and steam inside tubes
Finned tube heat exchanger with air outside and steam inside
Finned tube heat exchanger with air inside and steam outside

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