Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the 'tube pitch' is defined as the

O.D. of the tube for square pitch
Shortest distance between two adj acent tube holes
Shortest centre to centre distance between adjacent tubes
None of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Practical dividing line between a ductile and brittle materials is suggested, when the ultimate elongation is about 5%. Generally, larger the knuckle radius, stronger is the corner torus section of a head. The knuckle radius provided should be less than __________ of the head.

6% of I.D.
3 times the thickness
Either A or B, whichever is smaller
Either A or B, whichever is larger

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