RCC Structures Design
In a pre-stressed beam carrying an external load W with a bent tendon is having angle of inclination ? and pre-stressed load P. The net downward load at the centre is

W - 2P sin θ
W - P cos θ
W - 2P cos θ
W - P sin θ

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RCC Structures Design
In a singly reinforced beam

Compression is borne entirely by concrete
Steel possesses initial stresses when embedded in concrete
Plane sections transverse to the centre line of the beam before bending remain plane after bending
Elastic moduli for concrete and steel have different values within the limits of deformation of the beam

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RCC Structures Design
If p₁ and p₂ are mutually perpendicular principal stresses acting on a soil mass, the normal stress on any plane inclined at angle θ° to the principal plane carrying the principal stress p₁, is:

[(p₁ - p₂)/2] + [(p₁ + p₂)/2] sin 2θ
[(p₁ - p₂)/2] + [(p₁ + p₂)/2] cos 2θ
[(p₁ + p₂)/2] + [(p₁ - p₂)/2] sin 2θ
[(p₁ + p₂)/2] + [(p₁ - p₂)/2] cos 2θ

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