Electrical Machines
In a loaded DC motor, if the brushes are given a shift from the interpolar axis in the direction of rotation, then the commutation will

 improve and the speed falls.
 deteriorate and the speed falls.
 improve and the speed rises.
 deteriorate and the speed rises.

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Electrical Machines
Flashing the field of DC generator means

  neutralising residual magnetism.
 increasing flux density by adding extra turns of winding.
  making the magnetic losses forces parallel.
  creating residual magnetism by a DC source.

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