Automobile Engineering in ME
In a four speed four stroke Diesel engine, the intake valve

opens at T.D.C. and closes at B.D.C.
opens at 10° after T.D.C. and closes at 20° before B.D.C.
not listed here
opens at 20° before T.D.C. and closes at 35° after B.D.C.

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Automobile Engineering in ME
In a ventilated disc brake

A duct directs air towards the caliper for cooling while the vehicle is moving
Caliper is covered with cooling fins
Disc contains radial vanes between its rubbing surfaces for optimum cooling performance
Disc contains many small holes for optimum cooling performance

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