Internal Combustion Engines
If V₁ is the jet velocity and V₀ is the vehicle velocity, then propulsive efficiency of a turbojet engine is

2V₀ / (V₀ + V₁)
2V₁ / (V₀ + V₁)
V₀ / (V₀ + V₁)
V₁ / (V₀ + V₁)

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle diesel engine, the compression

Starts at 40° before top dead center and ends at 40° after top dead center
Starts at 40° after bottom dead center and ends at 10° before top dead center
Starts at top dead center and ends at 40° before bottom dead center
May start and end anywhere

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