Surveying
If the length of a chain is found to be short on testing, it can be adjusted by

removing one or more small circular rings
All of these
straightening the links
closing the joints of the rings if opened out

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Surveying
Dumpy level is most suitable when

All of these
fly levelling is being done over long distance
the instrument is to be shifted frequently
many readings are to be taken from a single setting of the instrument

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