Surveying
If the length of a chain is found to be short on testing, it can be adjusted by

removing one or more small circular rings
straightening the links
closing the joints of the rings if opened out
All of these

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Surveying
A ’level line’ is a

line passing through the objective lens and the eye-piece of a dumpy or tilting level
line passing through the center of cross hairs and the center of eye piece
line parallel to the mean spheriodal surface of earth
horizontal line

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