DC Generators
If residual magnetism is present in a D.C. generator, the induced e.m.f. at zero speed will be

Small
The same as rated voltage
Zero
High

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DC Generators
When two D.C. series generators are running in parallel, an equalizer bar is used

To increase the speed and hence generated e.m.f.
So that two similar machines will pass approximately equal currents to the load
To reduce the combined effect of armature reaction of both machines
To increase the series flux

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