RCC Structures Design
If p₁ and p₂ are effective lateral loadings at the bottom and top exerted by a level earth subjected to a super-load on the vertical face of height h of a retaining wall, the horizontal pressure p per unit length of the wall, is

[(p₁ - p₂)/2] h
[(p₁ + p₂)/4] h
[(p₁ + p₂)/2] h
(p₁ - p₂) ⅔h

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RCC Structures Design
Bottom bars under the columns are extended into the interior of the footing slab to a distance greater than

24 diameters from the centre of the column
42 diameters from the centre of the column
42 diameters from the inner edge of the column
42 diameters from the outer edge of the column

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