Electrical Machines
If iron loss and full load copper loss of any transformer are denoted by Pi and Pc, then the load corresponding to maximum efficiency is given by

 (Pi / Pc)1.6 × full Load.
 (Pi / Pc) × full Load.
 (Pi / Pc)2 × full Load.
  (Pi / Pc)0.5 × Full Load.

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Electrical Machines
The damper windings also called the squirrel cage windings or damper grids

  both (A) and (B).
  are provided on the stator for improving power factor.
  are provided in a synchronous motor to make it self starting.
  consists of short-circuited copper bars embedded in the field pole faces.

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