Irrigation Engineering
If d1 is the depth of cutting, d2 is the height of the bank from bed level r2 : 1 and r1 : 1 are the slopes in filling and cutting respectively, the horizontal distance n between the bed and bank, is

x = r2 d2
x = d2 / r2
x = d1 / r1
x = r1 d1

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Irrigation Engineering
A counter berm is

A vertical benching provided on the outer edge of the bank
A horizontal benching provided on the outside slope
A vertical benching provided on the inner edge of the bank
A horizontal benching provided on the inside slope

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