Furnace Technology
Heat transfer takes place through a liquid medium surrounding the submerged material under heating, in case of a/an

Steam boiler
Blast furnace
Annealing furnace
Salt bath furnace

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Furnace Technology
Turn down ratio of a burner

Should be as low as possible i.e., 1 : 2
Is normally much more for a continuous furnace as compared to a batch furnace
Is the ratio of maximum to minimum permissible heat input rates
Should be 1:1 for a batch type furnace.

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Furnace Technology
The reason for excessive clinker formation in gas producers is the

Development of hot spots in the fuel bed and an abnormally high rate of gasification
Use of coal/coke containing a high % of fines and ash
Use of fuel having too low an ash fusion temperature
All of these

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