Heat Transfer
Heat produced when a steady state current, I passes through an electrical conductor having resistance, 'R' is

IR
None of the listed here
IR2
I2R

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Heat Transfer
Air is to be heated by condensing steam. Two heat exchangers are available (i) a shell and tube heat exchanger and (ii) a finned tube heat exchanger. Tube side heat transfer area are equal in both the cases. The recommended arrangement is

Shell and tube heat exchanger with air on shell side and steam inside tubes
Finned tube heat exchanger with air inside and steam outside
Finned tube heat exchanger with air outside and steam inside
Shell and tube heat exchanger with air inside tubes and steam on shell side

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Heat Transfer
Vacuum is generally maintained in the vapour space of an evaporator mainly to

Concentrate heat sensitive materials
Facilitate forward feeding in multiple effect evaporation
Get economical temperature difference by using moderate pressure steam
Achieve very high concentration of the final product

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