Heat and Mass Transfer
Heat flows from one body to other when they have

Different heat contents
Different atomic structure
Different temperatures
Different specific heat

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Heat and Mass Transfer
A steam pipe is to be insulated by two insulating materials put over each other. For best results

Whether to put inferior OIL over pipe or the better one would depend on steam temperature
Better insulation should be put over pipe and better one over it
Inferior insulation should be put over pipe and better one over it
Both may be put in any order

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Heat and Mass Transfer
Thermal conductivity of a material may be defined as the

Quantity of heat flowing in one second through one cm cube of material when opposite faces are maintained at a temperature difference of 1°C
Quantity of heat flowing in one second through a slab of the material of area one cm square, thickness 1 cm when its faces differ in temperature by 1°C
Heat conducted in unit time across unit area through unit thickness when a temperature difference of unity is maintained between opposite faces
All of these

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Heat and Mass Transfer
Film coefficient is defined as the ratio of

Thickness of film of fluid to the thermal conductivity
Thickness of film of fluid to the temperature drop through the films of fluids
Temperature drop through the films of fluids to the thickness of film of fluids
Thermal conductivity to the equivalent thickness of the film of fluid

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