Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Guide angle as per the aerofoil theory of Kaplan turbine blade design is defined as the angle between

Lift and drag
Lift and tangential force
Drag and resultant force
Lift and resultant force

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The depth of centre of pressure (h) for a vertically immersed surface from the liquid surface is given by (where IG = Moment of inertia of the immersed surface about horizontal axis through its centre of gravity, A = Area of immersed surface, and x = Depth of centre of gravity of the immersed surface from the liquid surface)

(IG/x̅) - Ax̅
(Ax̅/IG) + x̅
(IG/Ax̅) - x̅
(IG/Ax̅) + x̅

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