Process Equipment and Plant Design
Generally, as the length of the liquid path on a tray is increased beyond 5 ft, the overall column efficiency

Remains same
Decreases
Increases
May increase or decrease depending upon the plate spacing

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, triangular pitch arrangement as compared to square pitch arrangement

Facilitates easier shell side cleaning; hence is more suitable for handling high dirt factor shell side fluid
Creates relatively lower turbulence on the shell side resulting in lower shell side heat transfer co-efficient
Results in higher shell side pressure drop
Can accomodate less number of tubes for a given shell diameter

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