Building Materials
For the manufacture of Portland cement, the proportions of raw materials used, are

Silica 40% ; lime 40% ; other ingredients 20%
Silica 70% ; lime 20% ; other ingredients 10%
Lime 22% ; silica 63% ; other ingredients 15%
Lime 63% ; silica 22% ; other ingredients 15%

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Building Materials
The basic purpose of a retarder in concrete is

To render the concrete more water tight
To decrease the initial setting time of cement paste in concrete
To improve the workability of concrete mix
To increase the initial setting time of cement paste in concrete

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Building Materials
When a brick is immersed in water for 24 hours and then dried, if

50 percent surface is covered with grey or white deposits, the brick has serious efflorescence
No grey or white deposits appear on the surface, the brick is free from soluble salts
All listed here
10 percent surface is covered with grey or white deposits, the brick has slight efflorescence

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