Synchronous Motors
For power factor correction, synchronous motors operate at

normal load with minimum excitation
normal load with zero excitation
no-load and greatly over-excited fields
no-load and under-excited fields

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Synchronous Motors
A synchronous motor connected to infinite bus-bars has at constant full load, 100% excitation and unity power factor. On changing the excitation only, the armature current will have

lagging power factor with over-excitation
leading power factor with under-excitation
no change of power factor
leading power factor with over-excitation

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