Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
‘ω’ rad/sec is the angular velocity of a crank whose radius is ‘r’. If it makes θ° with inner dead centre and obliquity of the connecting rod ‘l’ is ‘ϕ’, the velocity v of the piston, is given by the equation

ω (l sin ϕ + r cos ϕ tan θ)
ω² (l sin ϕ + r cos φ tan θ)
ω² (l cos ϕ + r sin ϕ tan θ)
ω² (l sin ϕ - r cos θ tan ϕ)

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Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
The force acting on a point on the surface of a rigid body may be considered to act

On any point on the line of action of the force
At the centre of gravity of the body
On the periphery of the body
At any point on the surface normal to the line of action of the force

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