Machine Design
A bolt of M 24 × 2 means that

The nominal diameter of bolt is 24 mm and pitch is 2 mm
The pitch of the thread is 24 mm and depth is 2 mm
The effective diameter of bolt is 24 mm and there are 2 threads per cm
Cross-sectional area of the threads is 24 mm²

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Machine Design
Set screws are

Similar to stud
Similar to small size tap bolts except that a greater variety of shapes of heads are available
Used to prevent relative motion between parts
Slotted for a screw driver and generally used with a nut

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Machine Design
Split nut is a locking device in which

A hard fibre or nylon cotter is recessed in the nut and becomes threaded as the nut is screwed on the bolt causing a tight grip
One smaller nut is tightened over main nut and main nut tightened against smaller one by loosening, creating friction jamming
A slot is cut partly in middle of nut and then slot reduced by tightening screw
Through slots are made at top and a cotter pin is passed through these and a hole in the bolt, and cotter pin splitted and bent in reverse direction at the other end

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