Internal Combustion Engines
For maximum power generation, the air fuel ratio for a petrol engine for vehicles, is of the order of

0.37569444444444
0.75069444444444
0.62569444444444
0.50069444444444

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Internal Combustion Engines
The exhaust valve in a four stroke cycle petrol engine

Opens at 50° before bottom dead center and closes at 15° after top dead center
Opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center
May open and close anywhere
Opens at 50° after bottom dead center and closes at 15° before top dead center

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