Internal Combustion Engines
For maximum power generation, the air fuel ratio for a petrol engine for vehicles, is of the order of

0.62569444444444
0.50069444444444
0.37569444444444
0.75069444444444

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engines

May open and close anywhere
Exhaust valve opens just after bottom dead center and closes just before top dead center
Exhaust valve opens at 35° before bottom dead center and closes at 20° after top dead center
Exhaust valve opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center

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