Heat Transfer
For large heat transfer area requirement, shell and tube heat exchanger is preferred, because it

Occupies smaller space
Is easy to operate and maintain
All of these
Is more economical

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Heat Transfer
The thermal efficiency of a reversible heat engine operating between two given thermal reservoirs is 0.4. The device is used either as a refrigerator or as a heat pump between the same reservoirs. Then the coefficient of performance as a refrigerator (COP)R and the co-efficient of performance as a heat pump (COP)HP are

(COP)R = 1.5; (COP)HP = 2.5
(COP)R = (COP)HP = 2.5
(COP)R = 2.5; (COP)HP = 1.5
(COP)R = (COP)HP = 0.6

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