Mass Transfer
For a binary mixture distillation process, the degree of freedom is 2. However, if the pressure is fixed in this process, the number of independent variables in this process will be

Mass Transfer
As the reflux ratio in a distillation coloumn is increased from the minimum, the

Slope of the operating line in stripping section decreases
Liquid flow increases while the vapor flow decreases for a system
Total cost first decreases and then increases
Number of plates decreases very slowly first and then more and more rapidly

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Mass Transfer
In a counter-current liquid extractor

Liquid's flow rate depends upon the temperature and pressure
Only one of the liquids may be pumped at any desired rate
Both liquids can have any desired flow rate
Both liquids flow at fixed rate

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