Electrical Machines
Flashing the field of DC generator means

  making the magnetic losses forces parallel.
  neutralising residual magnetism.
 increasing flux density by adding extra turns of winding.
  creating residual magnetism by a DC source.

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Electrical Machines
No load primary current in a transformer

 leads the applied voltage somewhat less than 90Ã&
 lags behind applied voltage somewhat less than 90Ã
 leads the applied voltage by exactly 90Â&
 lags behind applied voltage by exactly 90Â&am

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