Fuels and Combustion
Fixed carbon in coal is defined as

That present in volatile matters
The one which is present in the residue after combustion
Hundred minus the percentage of volatile matter, ash and moisture
The total quantity of carbon present in the coal

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Fuels and Combustion
Presence of free moisture in coal during its high temperature carbonisation

Increases the loss of fine coal dust from the ovens when charging
Protects the volatile products from pyrolysis (cracking) in the presence of hot coke and hot oven walls
None of these
Reduces the coking time

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