Fertiliser Technology
Excessive use of chemical fertilisers causes shrivelling of the roots and wilting of the plant, because the

Osmotic pressure of the soil water becomes higher than that of the plant sap
Soil becomes too acidic
Osmotic pressure of the soil water becomes less than that of the plant sap
Soil becomes too alkaline

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Fertiliser Technology
Though kinetics of ammonia synthesis dictates the use of low temperature for high equilibrium conversion, yet it is kept moderately high (550°C), because at low temperature

Space velocity of gas is very low resulting in decreased conversion
Rate of reaction is very low
Very high pressure is required resulting in costly pressure vessel
None of these

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Fertiliser Technology
Multistage operation (as in the case of catalytic oxidation of SO₂) is not carried out for NH₃ synthesis, because of

Chances of entrainment and disturbance of catalyst bed
Higher pumping cost
High cost of the high pressure vessel used for the reactor
Comparatively higher pressure drop

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