Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Effective stress is

the stress at particles contact
important because it is a function of engineering properties of soil
a physical parameter that can be measured
All of these

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
In a triaxial compression test when drainage is allowed during the first stage (i. e. application of cell pressure) only and not during the second stage (i.e. application of deviator stress at constant cell pressure), the test is known as

unconsolidated undrained test
consolidated drained test
consolidated undrained test
unconsolidated drained test

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