Electrical Machines
The damper windings also called the squirrel cage windings or damper grids

  are provided in a synchronous motor to make it self starting.
  consists of short-circuited copper bars embedded in the field pole faces.
  both (A) and (B).
  are provided on the stator for improving power factor.

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Electrical Machines
In the 3-phase induction motor, the resultant flux is of a constant nature and is

 3 times maximum value of flux due to any phase
 equal to φm, where φm is the maximum flux due to any phase
 3/2 times maximum value of flux due to any phase
 1/2 times maximum value of flux due to any phase

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