Elements Of Remote Sensing
Due to scan geometry of a satellite sensor:

The ground distance swept by the senor, IFOV is proportional to sec2θ, where θ is the angle of scan measured from the nadir
The off-nadir resolution is degraded
The details towards the edge of the scan get compressed
All of these

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Elements Of Remote Sensing
Geodimeter is based on:

Propagation of modulated light waves
High frequency radio waves
The visible light as carrier with frequency of the order of 5 × 1014 Hz
Propagation of infrared radiation

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