Electrical Machines
Direction of rotation of DC motor is reversed by

 Interchanging armature and field connection.
 Reversing supply connection.
 Reversing armature connection or field connection.
 Adding resistance to field circuit.

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Electrical Machines
Compensating windings are used in DC generators

  to neutralize the cross magnetizing effect of the armature reaction.
  mainly to reduce the eddy currents by providing local short circuit.
None of these
  to provide path for the circulation of cooling air.

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