Computer Networking
CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) is

a method access control technique for multiple-access transmission media.
a very common bit-oriented data link protocol issued by ISO.
None of these
a method of determining which device has access to the transmission medium at any time
network access standard for connecting stations to a circuit-switched network

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Computer Networking
Why does the data communication industry use the layered OSI reference model?1. It divides the network communication process into smaller and simpler components, thus aiding component development, design, and troubleshooting.2. It enables equipment from different vendors to use the same electronic components, thus saving research and development funds.3. It supports the evolution of multiple competing standards and thus provides business opportunities for equipment manufacturers.4. It encourages industry standardization by defining what functions occur at each layer of the model.

1 and 4
1 only
2 and 3
3 only

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Computer Networking
Which of the following summation operations is performed on the bits to check an error-detecting code?

Codec
Coder-decoder
Checksum
Broadband and baseband refer to the different frequencies at which infrared operates then transmitting signals in certain conditions
Attenuation

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